All modules will be held in China, in English language with translation in Chinese.

The present module of the Internal Medicine Course is devised to give the practitioner a throughout understanding of small animal nephrology and urology. Major topics include clinical and laboratory findings of kidney and lower urinary tract disease, acute kidney injury and dialysis, chronic renal failure, management of proteinuria, stones of the ureters bladder and urethra, as well as ectopic ureters, in dogs and cats, from the perspective of the internist, cardiologist, neurologist and intensive care specialist. Each of these diseases may represent a diagnostic challenge; for many of them treatment decisions are difficult and for some they need to be made as soon as possible in order to save the pet’s life. Quality of life and communication with the owner represent also a concern. The veterinarian has a central role in every aspect of the disease. Hence, the module on small animal nephrology and urology aims to increase the knowledge of each participant in order to allow solving common and less common diseases of the urinary system.
Besides theoretical lectures, during each afternoon the module includes hands-on sessions with multidisciplinary clinical cases. The participant is requested to give is advices after having discussed the differential diagnoses; in addition, the participant needs to suggest the therapeutic choices. The continuous dialogue with experienced lecturers, in a friendly atmosphere, will allow the participant to learn and practice at the same time.

At the end of this module, the participant will be able to:
•    diagnose frequent and less frequent kidney and lower urinary tract diseases of dogs and cats;
•    identify the differential diagnoses for each clinical and laboratory abnormality pertaining to the urinary system;
•    select the most appropriate treatment modality for each kidney and lower urinary tract disease;
•    identify any potential side effect of each treatment;
•    recognize the prognostic factors of each kidney and lower urinary tract disease;
•    communicate to the owner the most relevant aspects of the kidney and lower urinary tract diseases;
•    have a broad knowledge in medical sciences interconnected with internal medicine.

The module provides most up to date knowledge about kidney and lower urinary tract diseases of dogs and cats. The combination of theoretical and hands-on sessions will advance the knowledge of each participant in medical subjects. More and less experienced veterinarians are expected to benefit from this module.